From 1f0b756378a2b5cfe09b5a496e14df274688b541 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 08:57:25 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] Do not clobber SQLite's default cost estimates in BestIndex

---
 sqlite3_opt_vtable.go | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go b/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
index 9e916ea..33de0dc 100644
--- a/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
+++ b/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
@@ -482,8 +482,22 @@ func goVBestIndex(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, icp unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
 	if res.AlreadyOrdered {
 		info.orderByConsumed = C.int(1)
 	}
-	info.estimatedCost = C.double(res.EstimatedCost)
-	info.estimatedRows = C.sqlite3_int64(res.EstimatedRows)
+	// SQLite pre-initializes estimatedCost and estimatedRows with sensible
+	// defaults; overwriting them with the Go zero value would make every
+	// candidate plan look free and break query planning, so only pass
+	// values the implementation actually set.
+	if res.EstimatedCost > 0 {
+		info.estimatedCost = C.double(res.EstimatedCost)
+	}
+	if res.EstimatedRows > 0 {
+		var rows int64
+		if res.EstimatedRows >= float64(math.MaxInt64) {
+			rows = math.MaxInt64
+		} else {
+			rows = int64(res.EstimatedRows)
+		}
+		info.estimatedRows = C.sqlite3_int64(rows)
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }